There are some very unique transmissions out there these days. Some of these unique transmissions allow vehicles to shift back and forth between different types of transmissions and shifting styles. When these unique transmissions start having problems, it becomes really important to take your vehicle to a transmission shop (i.e. a shop that is highly specialized just for transmission repair work). Here are some of the more unique transmissions that these shops encounter and why vehicles with these transmissions have to go to specialty shops for repairs.
The Turbo
Some foreign-made vehicles have manual transmissions that shift into "turbo." They go from the typical gears to a high-torque, high-power gear to aid the vehicles in moving faster and moving better up higher grades of roads and hills. When there is a failure in the turbo gear, the vehicle may begin to lose its ability to get up and move in other gears as well. The transmission technicians can repair these special gears and often get the rest of the typical gears to work better.
The "S" Gears
Then there are some cars, such as a few German-made vehicles, that have automatic transmissions. However, these automatic transmissions are built into the floor and have a few unusual extras. These extras are referred to as "S" gear, and the "S" gear can shift into "plus" or "minus" gear. The "S" stands for "sport," allowing you to shift the vehicle into sports car mode, which means it will suddenly adapt to lots of curves and intense speeds on the road and have this loud sports car sound in the engine.
It supposedly makes the car even easier to maneuver up and down hills and through very winding roads. The "+/-" designations means that you are shifting up into higher "S" gear or down into lower "S" gear, in accordance with the amount of torque and speed you want for driving. These gears on an automatic transmission are entirely optional; you do not need to use them ever, but you may enjoy them a lot if you do. If the "S" gear or the "+/-" gears begin slipping (i.e., the shift handle automatically slides into these gears without you intentionally shifting), you should have the transmission checked immediately. You do not want these automatic shifts to occur when you are driving.
The Two-Wheel to Four-Wheel Drive
This type of gear system is almost always built into trucks or jeeps, although some cross-overs and SUVs now have it as well. There is a button built into the dash or on the steering column that you can flip to turn your vehicle from two-wheel to four-wheel (a.k.a. all-wheel) drive. It directly impacts the shifting mechanisms of the vehicle, and if it becomes faulty, you are going to have all kinds of transmission problems.
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